Ubwubatsi bwa sisitemu n'ibiranga ubuhinga
Igikoresho co gupima uburyo amazi ameze ni igikoresho co kugenzura gifise ubwenge gifise ibikorwa vyinshi vyo kumenya, gikoreshwa cane cane ku mazi yo hejuru, amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka, amazi yo kunywa, n’amazi mabi y’inganda. Iyi nzira y’ibice ishobora gukurikirana icarimwe ibipimo vy’ingenzi vy’uburyo bw’amazi nk’ubushuhe bw’amazi, pH, umwuka w’ikirere, ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro, klorine isigaye, ububabare, ivyiyumviro vy’ibitoke, ozone, ibara, ibimera vy’ubururu{3}}ivyatsi bitotahaye, na chlorophylle. Ikoreshwa n’ubuhinga bukoreshwa n’izuba-, ishika ku bikorwa vy’igihe kirekire-vyigenga, igashitsa ivya nkenerwa vyo kugenzura ivy’itongo ata wuyicungera. Ico gikoresho cose cubatswe mu cuma kitagira ibara gifise ibara ry’icuma, kandi gifise uruzitiro rwo gukingira IP68-, rutanga ubushobozi bwiza cane bwo gukingira uburozi n’ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ibihungabanya. Ishobora gukora neza mu bidukikije bikomeye kuva kuri -20℃gushika kuri +60℃.
Ibipimo vy'ingenzi vyo kugenzura n'ibimenyetso vy'ubuhinga
Ubuhinga burashobora gukurikirana icarimwe ibipimo 12 vy’ingenzi vyerekeye uburyo amazi ameze, bikaba vyerekana ibimenyetso vy’umubiri, ivy’imiti n’ivy’ibinyabuzima:
- Ivyerekeye umubiri: Ubushuhe bw’amazi (ubushobozi bwo gutorera umuti 0,1℃), ububabare (0-1000 NTU, ukuri ±2% FS), ibara (0-500 PCU, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima ibara ry’ibara ry’agahama ry’ibara ry’agahama)
- Ivyerekeye imiti: agaciro ka pH, umwuka w’ikirere unyunguruye (harimwo no kubara uburyo bwo guhazwa), ubushobozi bwo gutwara umuriro (ugusubiza inyuma ubushuhe bwikora), klorine isigaye (klorine y’ubuntu/klorine yose ishobora gutorwa), ozone (0-2 mg/L, ukuri ±0.01 mg/L)
- Ivyerekeye ibinyabuzima: Ivyagezwe: Ivyatsi vy'ubururu-ivyatsi (0-200 ug/L, uburyo bwo guca ibibatsi), klorofile a (0-50 ug/L, uburebure bw'umuvuduko w'ugukangura 460 nm)
- Ivyiyumviro bidasanzwe: Ubwinshi bw’ibitoke (0-50 g/L, uburyo bw’umuco unyanyagiye), COD (0-500 mg/L, uburyo bw’ipotasiyumu)
Ico gikoresho gikoresha ubuhinga bwo kurwanya-ibinyabuzima kandi kigakomeza gupima neza biciye ku gikoresho co gusukura kigenda kigenda (uburoso/ijwi ry’imbere mu mubiri), kikaba gifata amezi 3{3}}6 co kugisukura. Igikoresho c’ubuhinga bwa analogique gikoresha ubuhinga bwo gufata ivyerekanwa kugira ngo bimenyekane ko ivyerekanwa bishobora guserukira ivyerekanwa n’ugushikama kw’ingero.
Ivyiyumviro bimenyerewe vyo gukoresha n’isesengura ry’ibintu: Mu kugenzura amazi yo mu karere gakonje-, umugambi w’uruzi Songhua wubaka uruzitiro rw’amazi biciye mu bibanza 45 vyo kugenzura izuba, bikaba bifise uburebure bw’amazi bufise uburebure bwa kilometero kare 1040. Ubuhinga buratunganijwe neza ku bidukikije vy'amadegre -30, hakoreshejwe ubushobozi buke STM32L4 igice nyamukuru c'ubugenzuzi (ubu<50 μA) and a heat preservation and heating module to achieve uninterrupted operation in winter. Data is transmitted via NB-IoT/LoRa dual-mode, with a refresh cycle of 15-30 minutes and second-level alarms for anomalies, reducing manual inspections by 80% and shortening response time from 24 hours to within 1 hour.
Mu kugenzura eutrophication y’ikiyaga, iyo sisitemu ikoresha isesengura ry’ihuriro ry’ivy’ivyatsi bita chlorophylle a n’ivy’ivyatsi bita cyanobacteria kugira ngo itange imburi mbere y’igihe ku bijanye n’amashurwe y’ibimera vy’amazi imisi 7-10 imbere y’igihe. Icigwa c’ibidengeri vyerekana ko uturere dufise amasaha 1200 y’izuba ku mwaka dushobora guhabwa amashanyarazi n’ivyo dukeneye ku mwaka, bikaba bishobora kuzigama 65% mu mahera y’ubwubatsi no kugabanya 40% vy’amahera yo gukoresha no gucungera amazi ku mwaka ugereranyije n’imiti isanzwe.
Ingorane n’imiti y’ubuhinga: Uburyo bwo kugenzura uburyo bufise inzego zitatu- burakoreshwa: ibikoresho bishobora gutuma electrode yisuzuma, porogarama ikoresha ukuyungurura kwa Kalman kugira ngo ikureho ibihungabanya, kandi urubuga rushinga urufatiro rw’amategeko yerekeye ukuri kw’amakuru. Uburyo bwo gutanga amashanyarazi bukoresha ubuhinga bwa MPPT kugira ngo butere imbere mu bijanye n’ubushobozi bw’amashanyarazi ku rugero rwa 15-20%, kandi ubuhinga bwo gucungera amashanyarazi no gukuraho amashanyarazi buratuma ubuzima bwa bateri bugera ku myaka irenga 5.
Ivyiza vy’Iterambere n’Ivyizigiro vyo Gukoresha: Ku bijanye n’ivyiza vy’iterambere, urutonde ruriko ruratera imbere ruja mu guhindura ibintu bitobito n’ubwenge. Ivyo bikoresho bishasha bifatanya n’ibindi bikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none, bikaba bishoboza kumenya ibintu bitari vyo ku bijanye n’ivyo bikoresho no kubibungabunga. Mu bijanye n’ukutagira aho bahengamiye mu bijanye n’umuyagankuba, gufatanya inguvu z’izuba n’ububiko bw’inguvu z’iyidorojeni birafise umuhango wo gushika ku ntambara y’umuyagankuba. Bitegekanijwe ko mu mwaka w’2028, urugero rw’ukwinjira kw’izo nzira mu kugenzura amazi yo hejuru ruzorenga 60%, rube ubuhinga nyamukuru bwo gufasha mu gucunga ibidukikije vy’amazi mu buryo bw’ubwenge.
